Backscattering of electromagnetic waves by a rough fractal sea surface with consideration of the multi-path effect

Based on the conventional two-scale model method, and by incorporating the multipath effect, the angular distributions of the backscattering cross section are calculated for the fBm sea model. The conclusion, which is consistent with the experimental measurement, is obtained that the amplitude of the HH backscattering cross section is larger than that of the VV backscattering cross section for a region of the moderate incident angle. The dependence of the region of the moderate incident angle on the incident frequency, the tilting angle of the large-scale surface and the fractal dimension is discussed in detail.