Uniform and nonuniform V-shaped isotropic planar arrays

In this study, isotropic V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are considered. An isotropic array has the same value for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all direction of arrival (DOA) angles. The conditions for isotropic V-shaped arrays are presented and closed form expressions for V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are found. These expressions return the V-angle for the array. Therefore, given the number of sensors and sensor displacements, isotropic performance V-angle can be found easily. V-shaped arrays are compared with circular arrays and it is also shown that both uniform and nonuniform V-shaped arrays have certain advantages.