Traceable multimedia fingerprinting based on the multilevel user grouping

This paper presents a traceable fingerprinting scheme based on a multilevel user grouping strategy. In the proposed code structure, coding efforts for groups of users are apportioned to different levels of the code. Instead of making efforts to find one ldquohigh-performancerdquo traceability code, we try to derive a generalized framework of fingerprints construction which hierarchically constructs a traceability code having ldquohigh-performancesrdquo by composing several ldquomoderate-performancerdquo traceability codes together. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results are provided to show good performances of the proposed fingerprinting system, that is, it can serve a large amount of users with a much shorter code length and high traceability.