Analysis of Discontinuities in Optical Waveguides

In this paper we illustrate the solution of diffused channel waveguides, the effect of electrodes for rib waveguides, and calculation of coupling length for a directional coupler problem using the vector H-field finite element method along with infinite elements and a penalty method. We also present solutions of discontinuities for optical waveguides by combining vector finite element method and least square boundary residual methods. Some basic discontinuity steps, such as vertical misalignment, change of width, and change of rib height for rib waveguides are illustrated here.