Particle swarm optimization for optimal deployment of relay nodes in hybrid sensor networks

In order to solve the problem of optimal deployment in static hybrid sensor networks, an particle swarm optimization for integer planning is adopted to optimally deploy the relay nodes so as to obtain the optimal energy efficiency by minimizing the average path length. The modified particle swarm optimization can improve calculation efficiency, because the method restricts the evolution within integer space has decreased the searching probability in many unwanted non-feasible solution field. The simulations showed that the optimal deployment of relay nodes can largely improve the energy efficiency and the location of sink has direct affect on the optimal efficiency.