Cellular models and hand-off criteria

The authors consider methods of improving the hand-off process in current cellular systems, particularly in large cities where the cell size is smaller, in order to increase the capacity and service high subscriber traffic density. In this case, the mobiles will cross all boundaries more often, leading to a high number of hand-offs; a hand-off based only on the strongest received signal is not necessarily useful in such areas. Thus, the carrier-to-interference ratio is proposed as additional criterion. The efficiency of some cellular models implemented in different environments is studied, taking into account the effect of this hand-off criterion. Also considered is the traffic fluctuation