Finite element method for modeling nonreciprocal magnetic photonic crystals in 3D

This paper studies electromagnetic wave propagation within nonreciprocal magnetic photonic crystal (MPC) structures. The primitive cell of the MPC consists of three layers an it is found through the transfer matrix of the layered medium that a so-called "frozen mode" exists within such an MPC structure. Subsequently, for electromagnetic waves propagating through the MPC in the vicinity of the frozen mode frequency, the group velocity of the wave can be slowed significantly. FEA is presented to model this phenomena. Finally, a numerical example applied to a rectangular waveguide is given as illustration of the modeling technique.