Protection mechanism for modern telecommunications

This paper describes the general techniques for protection against transient surges as well as continuous over-voltages. It also discusses at length the characteristics of the various protection devices and their influence on each other when used in combination. This paper describes ways in which to increase the reliability of these devices which are passive under normal operating conditions. Next, a case study is presented with a protection circuit consisting of a gas discharge tube, a varistor, and a fuse and the observations and characteristic curves are detailed. Finally, the output waveforms of the surge testing are presented