Multi-scale modeling of VLF/LF antennas with an arbitrarily oriented thin wire TLM node integrating lumped component

In this paper, a validation of the proposed technique is provided through comparisons between simulated, theoretical and measured results for wire patch antennas and loaded dipoles. The capability of this technique to simulate a VLF/OMEGA antenna is also demonstrated.The technique presented in this paper is suitable to analyze multi-scale problems such as VLF/LF antennas. However, it will be necessary to pay a particular attention on the thin wire interconnection. Further work will be devoted to take into account radial-wire ground planes above or buried in inhomogeneous media.