The protection and the control of a small Off-Grid system

Nowadays, runs an intensive research in development area of energy system with specific requirements, so-called SMART-Grid and Off-Grid. Researchers deal with this phenomenon at several levels across the spectrum, e.g. in scientific research teams, commercial teams and private sector - represented by multinational companies and investments groups. Specific requirements include energy independence of external power supply, operation with equally generation-consumption balance, maximal utilization of renewable energy sources and utilization of the energy storage covering the energy deficit and vice versa. In most cases is generally discussing only the benefits and proactive development direction of these concepts, but as usually with every product, there is no longer mentions the issues of the operations in long time term. The goal of this paper is to point out the operation issues of SMART-Grid and Off-Grid systems with specific requirements, especially with regard to the protection methods and abnormal operating conditions as well as the possibility of using a Multiagent system for the management and the control of a small Off-Grid system.