The analysis of the spatial pattern of prehistoric settlement sites based on GIS and spatial data mining

The spatial pattern of prehistoric settlement sites in Henan Province is researched. By analyzing the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites location and regional altitude, terrain slope, rivers and other geographical environment factors, the laws of the distribution of prehistoric settlement sites are found: more than 70% of settlement sites are located at the altitude of from 50 to 400 meters, more than 60% settlement sites are located in the places where the slopes are less than 3 degree, and more than 60% are located in the distance of less than 4km from the river. Through the analysis of settlement sites distribution patterns by using geography information system(GIS) and spatial data mining, the good technology support is provided for the future settlement archaeology, and the references are provided for researchers to understand prehistoric human selection strategy on the environment and the evolution of settlement systems.