DC Impedance-Model-Based Resonance Analysis of a VSC–HVDC System

Resonances can have a negative impact on a voltage-source converter-high voltage dc (VSC-HVDC) system. This paper develops dc impedance models for the rectifier and inverter stations for a VSC-HVDC system when they are viewed from a dc terminal. The impedance models take converter controllers into account. The derived impedance models are validated by comparing frequency responses of the analytical model and the impedance measured at the dc terminal from a detailed VSC-HVDC model simulated in a real-time digital simulator. Resonances are examined in the frequency domain (e.g., Bode plots and Nyquist plots) using the derived analytical impedance models. The analysis is verified by time-domain simulations. Real-time digital simulation in RT-Lab demonstrates that the dc capacitor has a significant impact on resonances while the power transfer level has an insignificant impact on resonances.