Photonic Quantum Ring Laser of Whispering Cave Mode and the Mega-Pixel Laser Chip

Three-dimensional (3D) whispering cave modes (WCMs) for photonic quantum rings (PQRs) are described. The 3D-emitting but surface-normal dominant PQR laser features microampere-level low-threshold currents. The linewidths can be sub-Aring while for the PQR laser size less than 1 mum, the increasing intermode spacing leads to a single eigenmode PQR laser with a threshold of 300 nA. In contrast to the regular 2D WGM, the 3D WCM´s major polarization state is tangential to the PQR rim favoring a strong carrier-photon coupling for the recombinant carriers generating PQRs. A new blue GaN PQRs at wavelengths from 420 to 470 nm also achieve surface-normal lasing easily, thanks to the robust 3D helix WCMs. The PQR can outperform LEDs for high end while overcoming the thermal problem of the LED, where mega-pixel PQR laser chips can be used for panel-less laser TVs.