Wheel slip controller for the regenerative braking of electric vehicle: Experimental results with a three wheels recreational hybrid vehicle

In any hybrid or electrical vehicle, the electric motor can be used as an electric generator to impose a negative torque to the wheel providing the braking effect by recovering part of the kinetic energy used for charging the batteries. The main hypothesis of this study is to propose that a slip control is preferable to a braking torque control during the regenerative braking. The experimental results obtained with a three wheel recreational electric vehicle validate that the wheel slip control is an efficient regenerative braking strategy to ensure both the optimal energy recovery and the wheel adherence in spite of road uncertainties.