Dynamic in vivo Alveolar Morphology Using a Novel Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope

Understanding the structure and function of alveoli in vivo is crucial for understanding the normal and diseased lung. In this study we image the alveoli of mice in vivo, using a custom fiber optic catheter based laser scanning confocal microscope. Images obtained using this system are analyzed with an automated software application for alveolar size, wall thickness and alveolar number. Results show that direct dynamic visualization of alveoli and surrounding structures is possible in vivo, with high resolution. Early results indicate a high heterogeneity in alveolar structure in vivo, as opposed to an ordered uniform structure. Using the techniques presented in this study there is great promise for advancing our knowledge of the functional unit of the lung, the alveoli; for alveolar mechanics, cell traffic and 3D structural visualization.