Design, modeling, and fabrication of mm3 three-dimensional integrated antennas

This paper describes the design, modeling, and fabrication methods of a new method to build three-dimensional integrated antenna arrays. The goal is to create a mm-scale sensor for implantation in the human body. Since the orientation of the sensor is not known in advance the antenna must work equally well in all directions. The best way to do this is to build antennas on each side of a cubic structure. The antenna is intended for near field power harvesting. By utilizing the edge antenna the power transfer efficiency can be increased by 18.9 dB at even the worst orientations for the sensors. Another application would be to create an omnidirectional antenna for high frequency mobile devices.