MPEG-2 video watermarking using quantization index modulation

Several video watermarking schemes have been proposed in recent years, but most of them are applied to uncompressed video. In this paper, a compressed video watermarking procedure is proposed to reduce the number of computations. In a video frame, luminance component contains more crucial information than chrominance. Also P-frames appear more frequently in the compressed video and therefore have higher watermark hiding capacity. In MPEG videos, the direct coefficient (DC) of chroma discrete cosine transform (DCT) in P frame of video is a parameter which always exists in video streams and has a high robustness. The proposed algorithm embeds the watermark data in DC component of chroma DCT of video P frames using QIM. The quality and robustness of watermarked video is evaluated under various attacks.