Integrated protection and control digital system for rural substations

In rural substations, various problems arise affecting the ease for exploitation and, consequently the quality of the service in the attended geographical area. The main problem is the lack of punctual information. When there is either a disconnection of an output line or a blackout due to the disconnection of the input lines in a rural substation, only the `users calls´ indicate that a problem has appeared. The authors describe an integrated protection and telecontrol system for such rural substations which overcomes these problems