Particle swarm optimization with an improved exploration-exploitation balance

This paper proposes improvements to PSO with velocity clamping to overcome its known disadvantage of allowing particle to move outside the search space. The new proposed PSO algorithm actively penalizes the particle velocities to ensure particles are confined within the search space. The algorithm is called PSO with active velocity penalty (PSO-AVP). The paper also presents some simulation results to give insights into the correlation between swarm particle explosion control and its effects on the exploration-exploitation dynamics of a swarm while it is still in motion. The advantages of PSO-AVP reside in algorithm simplicity, consistency, and better balance between exploration and exploitation.