Numerical and experimental investigations of low-frequency properties of single-junction thermal converter

We have performed numerical calculation of AC-DC transfer differences of thermal voltage converter at low frequencies using an improved electro-thermal model of single-junction thermal converter (SJTC). A feature of our model is incorporation of the heat capacity of a thermocouple and a range resistor, which play a crucial role at low frequencies. To validate the calculation results, we have measured the relative AC-DC transfer difference down to 1 Hz. Experimental results show that the difference of the AC-DC transfer difference calculated and measured is within a few parts in 10⁵ μV/V down to 1 Hz.