Submarine communications cable for deep-sea application

This paper details the design and qualification of high reliability submarine cables specifically developed for the telecommunications industry. These cables are now readily available to support various offshore applications where multi low loss optical fibers and medium voltage power is required. The paper covers the design requirements specific to submarine application, such as pressure, water and gaseous ingress and installation requirements. The range of cable types available and their characteristics are covered together with the description of specific design elements that are utilized, optical fiber, optical package, strength member, insulation, water blocking, armoring and hydrogen protection. The extensive qualification programs already undertaken are also briefly covered. Connectivity between various types of submarine cable and submerged equipment is also a by-product of the telecommunications industry that is well established. An example of a high strength bend restrictor and deep-water cable penetrator already qualified with the cable is given.