Parametric wavelength conversion and phase conjugation in LiNbO3 waveguides

Recently, we have shown that using a cascaded χ⁽²⁾ process in optimized periodically-poled LiNbO₃ (PPLN) waveguides, one can achieve high efficiency wavelength conversion (better than -10 dB fiber to fiber) while preserving all the advantages of parametric processes. In addition this parametric wavelength conversion is accompanied by phase conjugation. The results shown in this paper add another attractive feature of parametric LiNbO₃ wavelength converters, namely, their successful performance at data rates as high as 160 Gb/s. Their parametric nature make these devices suitable for even higher line rates