Title :
Further investigations of fundamental directivity limitations of small antennas with and without ground planes
Author :
Kildal, Per-Simon ; Best, Steven R.
Author_Institution :
Chalmers Univ. of Technol., Gothenburg
Abstract :
In this paper, we have presented a heuristic formula for the maximum achievable directivity of single-port antennas of any size. The formula is well rooted in electromagnetic theory in the low and high frequency ends. It has been tested by comparison with reported theoretical directivities of some practically realized antennas in the intermediate frequency range where the diameter of the smallest enclosing sphere is between 0.1lambda and 4lambda, and it seems to work as a practical limitation.
Keywords :
antenna theory; directive antennas; electromagnetic waves; electromagnetic theory; fundamental directivity limitation; ground planes; heuristic formula; intermediate frequency range; single-port antennas; Antenna arrays; Antenna theory; Aperture antennas; Dipole antennas; Linear antenna arrays; Paper technology; Phased arrays; Planar arrays; Q factor; Shape;
Conference_Titel :
Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE
Conference_Location :
San Diego, CA
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4244-2041-4
Electronic_ISBN :
978-1-4244-2042-1
DOI :
10.1109/APS.2008.4618968
