Macro element methods in FEM for 3-D electromagnetic radiation problems

For the first time, macro-element technology is introduced into the vector finite element method with the perfect matching layer for analyzing 3-D electromagnetic radiation problems. By defining a macro element domain and non-macro element domain inside the finite element domain and transferring the information from the non-macro element domain onto the surface of the macro element domain, the number of unknowns in the matrix equation of the original problem and calculation time can be greatly reduced in cases where there is repetitive structural variation or when optimizing the parameters inside the macro element part. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through the numerical experiments of several typical antennas.