A series array of microliter-sized microbial fuel cell

We report an array of three microliter-sized microbial fuel cells (MFC) that can produce 100 μW. Individual MFCs were integrated on two sandwiched glass slides, and had two 50 μL-sized chambers each (Geobactor sp. in the anode, ferricyanide in the cathode chambers, respectively) separated by a cation exchange membrane (CEM). The three MFCs were formed in a series array to produce 1.8 V at the maximum power delivery of 100 μW (power density of 33 μW/cm²). The 100 μW total power and 33 μW/cm² power density are approximately ten and three times higher, respectively, than the maximum values of previously reported microliter-sized MFCs.