Design of high gain dipole antennas using the genetic algorithm

High gain antennas are often employed in communication systems to meet specific coverage requirements. To achieve high gain characteristics, one typically uses an array of radiating elements, e.g., active patch antennas, vertical dipoles, etc. By carefully choosing the excitation of each element, and their spacing, one can obtain certain desired gain characteristics, such as a high and narrow main beam with low sidelobes. The article introduces the concept of high gain dipole antennas that are realized by inserting lumped LC loads along the dipole. Also, in an effort to maximize the efficiency of the antenna, we make the loads entirely lossless.