Gain optimization of a multi-layer printed dipole array using evolutionary programming

We previously proposed a new class of multi-layer printed antenna structures as a low-profile alternative to the conventional Yagi-Uda array of wire dipoles. One of the proposed structures is a multi-layer printed-circuit version of the Yagi array of wire dipoles in air. This structure consists of a reflector, a driver and a finite number of embedded director strip elements. An alternative structure is a microstrip version of this array and it has a ground-plane in place of the reflector element. These structures give a few more degrees of freedom (i.e., the dielectric constants of the layers) when optimizing their design. They can also be made conformal to various shapes and surfaces (e.g., missiles, aircraft, or other flying objects). To successfully optimize this structure global optimization schemes, such as evolutionary algorithms, are necessary.