Modeling the haze of highly textured transparent conducting oxide

One of the critical factors to improve the efficiency of thin film solar cell is the haze of transparent conducting oxide (TCO), which suffers low values at longer wavelength (>1μm) region. Recently several different highly textured TCO were presented with high haze at near IR region, however, suitable modeling is not established yet. In this paper, we propose a semi-empirical model, which is based on scalar scattering theory, for these highly textured surfaces and achieve good results in numerical fitting.