Distribution transformer load management with adaptive EVs charging

Electric vehicles (EVs) are zero emission vehicles and becoming more popular in the near future. It uses on-board battery for energy storage. These batteries of EVs can be recharged by either plugging into electric outlets on shopping malls, offices, or at home. The charging of EVs generate extra burden for distribution system. These vehicles consume large amount of electrical energy and this increases the demand on the power system distribution. Under EV charging conditions could lead to problems such as transformer and feeder overload, unbalance load, voltage drop and under frequency. These abnormalities cause negative effects on power system distribution. This paper presents the design of an adaptive charging algorithm to decrease the impact of EV charging on distribution system. The conceptions of algorithms are normal charging in off-peak load hours and lower the charging or balance charging during the peak load hours. The algorithms are tested on hardware of adaptive charging controller cooperative with simulated battery model. The result shown EVs adaptive charging algorithm can be managed the EVs load by decrease the impact on distribution system.