A contribution for three-phase power flows using the current injection method

This paper presents a formulation of the load flow solution based on the current injection method using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The current injection equations are written in rectangular coordinates and in terms of symmetrical components. Special attention is given to obtain great flexibility in representing different PQ loads and shunt elements. A new formulation of PV machines provides a more homogeneous structure of the Jacobian matrix. Moreover, with this PV machine representation, only the bus voltages are to be treated as unknowns and the discrimination between PQ and PV buses is not necessary