Chemical characterization of quaternary groundwater in southern Laizhou Bay

The Quaternary groundwater in southern Laizhou Bay was divided into four types, that is freshwater, brackish water, saline water and brine. The variation of water chemical types and componential characterization was drawn by application of correlation analysis, contour map and Piper diagram. Three major factors were extracted with principal component analysis, which represents groundwater salinization, biochemical reaction and calcium carbonate precipitation. The result of coefficient ratio method and saturation index calculation analysis showed that brine was not a simple product just concentrated. During concentration process, a series of complex reactions including water chemistry metamorphic role and evolution took place, such as mineral precipitation, cation ion exchange, dedolomitization and silicate alteration, etc.