Multilayer patch antennas with multiple coaxial feed probes

A mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) formulation is used to describe the currents on stacked patch antennas with multiple feed probes. The MPIE is solved using the method of moments. Simple rooftop and triangle basis functions are used on the patches and probes, respectively. Measured and computed impedance data are shown for a stacked patch antenna structure with a shorting pin attached to the lower antenna. It is noted that stacked patch antennas with multiple feed probes can provide wider bandwidth than single layer structures and can operate in two or more frequency bands. The model used to analyze these antennas, while not numerically simple, has fewer limitations than previous models.<>