Soil loss in developing countries and its relationship to marine resources: Examples from east africa

The direct economic and social effects of soil loss in developing countries are generally recognized. Massive upland soil erosion also, however, affects coastal and marine systems through sediment transported by major rivers. Such sedimentation can affect a range of human activities, including coastal lifestyles, fishing, and maritime and tourist development. East Africa sustains high rates of soil loss due to human subsistence activities, and major changes are observable and predictable in coastal natural systems. The viability and effects of major dam projects in relation to siltation are of special concern. These factors call for improved monitoring and assessment of the effects of coastal sedimentation as well as serious nation-wide campaigns to reform rural subsistence living practices and implement forest, soil, and rangeland conservation programs.