Empirical Formulation and Design of a Broadband Enhanced E-Patch Antenna

A broadband probe-fed microstrip antenna with E-shaped patch on a single-layer air substrate is investigated. Bandwidth enhancement of the antenna is achieved by inserting two parallel slots into its radiating patch. The effects of the following design parameters: the slot length (L_s), width (W_s, position (P_s), the substrate height (h), and the position of excitation point (X_f, Y_f) are analyzed, followed by an optimization procedure to select the optimum values for broad-band operation. The design parameters are empirically formulated as a function of the center frequency. Empirical equations are validated by simulation. Finally, a 41% Enhanced E-shaped patch antenna for modern wireless communications (PCS, DCS, UMTS, WLAN 802.11 b/g. and Bluetooth) is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. A comparison between simulated and measured results is also presented.