Title :
The New Black Start: System Restoration with Help from Voltage-Sourced Converters
Author :
Bahrman, M. ; Bjorklund, Per-Erik
Author_Institution :
ABB, Raleigh, NC, USA
Abstract :
The very first commercial high-voltage dc (HVdc) transmission system, commissioned in 1954, had black-start capability. This system links the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea with the Swedish mainland. Gotland had very few generating units, and the HVdc system was required to start up and deliver power without any generation operating on Gotland. Because the HVdc stations used line-commutated converters (LCCs), synchronous condensers were necessary to start up the dc system with a dead receiving network. This complicated the start-up sequence for system restoration.
Keywords :
HVDC power transmission; capacitors; power convertors; power system restoration; Baltic; Gotland island; HVdc transmission system; LCC; Swedish mainland; black-start capability; dead receiving network; high-voltage dc transmission system; line-commutated converter; power system restoration; synchronous condenser; voltage-sourced converter; Frequency control; Generators; HVDC transmission; Power conversion; Power grids; Power system restoration; Reactive power; Voltage control;
Journal_Title :
Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/MPE.2013.2285592
