Optimal control of fed-batch process with improved particle swarm optimization

To overcome the problem of premature convergence on particle swarm optimization(PSO), an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) was proposed, which was called keeping particles active PSO. It was guaranteed to keep the diversity of the particle swarm. When particles lose activity, a special mutation or perturbation was used to activate particles and to make particles explore the search space more efficiently. The IPSO was used to determine optimal substrate feeding rate for fed-batch alcohol fermentation process. The experimental results showed that the IPSO can find better feeding rate quickly than SPSO, and increase alcohol yield more 14 percent than GA.