A compact antenna array for direction finding in the HF band

Describes a physically compact antenna array that operates at HF and provides direction-finding ability, in both azimuth and elevation, on up to four incident wavefronts simultaneously when modern superresolution algorithms are employed. The array comprises two fundamental antenna element types: the electrically small dipole and loop. A total of six elements arranged orthogonal to one another in a collocated geometry define the array. This yields an electromagnetically complete sensor and also provides a broadband structure ideal for direction finding on wideband signals. Constraints that superresolution DF systems impose upon the antenna design are being discussed