Mixed simulation approach for direct connection between power amplifiers and antenna arrays without the use of isolators

This paper describes a mixed simulation approach of electromagnetic (EM) macromodel and nonlinear circuit bilateral model to correct the output signal for a power amplifier (PA) and obtain an optimal radiation pattern for an active antenna array transmit (TX) chain. Various experimental results show the reliability of EM, nonlinear PA models and mixed simulation approach as well. The originality of this work is the elimination of isolators between PAs and antennas while maintaining a matched PA and a correct radiation pattern in regards to the antenna´s high impedance mismatch.