Designing broadband access networks with triple redundancy

An architecture is proposed for designing broadband access networks, which offer triple redundancy to the end users, resulting in networks providing connectivity even in case of any two independent node or line failures. Two physically independent connections are offered by fiber, and the last provided by some wireless solution. Based on experience with planning Fiber To The Home, the architecture is designed to meet a number of demands, making it practicable and useful in real-world network planning. The proposed wired topology is planar, and suitable for being fitted onto the road network without compromising line independency, and it can be implemented step-wise, the first step being based on a simple ring/tree topology. The double ring is used for the distribution network, ensuring 3-connectivity and making it feasible to use for connecting the base stations of the wireless network. Another advantage of using the double ring is that it allows for embedding other more advanced topologies such as the generalized Petersen graphs without changing ducts and placement of nodes.