Simulation study of coupled-bunch instabilities due to resistive wall, ions, or electron cloud

We simulate the interaction of a bunch train with either an external wake field, (semi-)trapped ions in a field-free region or in a dipole field, or an electron cloud, on successive turns, using a simplified algorithm with only a small number of macro-particles. We present simulated mode spectra and rise times for the ensuing coupled-bunch instabilities, and show that observations at the KEKB HER are consistent with a horizontal instability driven by carbon-monoxide ions in a region without magnetic field.