Modeling and simulation of a hybrid-electric vehicle drivetrain

The drivetrain of a hybrid-electric vehicle is modeled and simulated from a system level approach. The need for accurate dynamic models for developing control algorithms is motivated. Detailed models capable of describing both transient and steady-state operation of each of the key drivetrain components are constructed. Bond graphs are the tool of choice for modeling because they focus on mechanisms of energy generation, storage, and dissipation. Further, they permit integration of submodels, give insight into component interaction, and allow straightforward derivation of governing equations. The following component models are presented: transmission, vehicle chassis/body, three-phase AC induction motor, lead-acid battery, and four cycle, four stroke, spark ignited internal combustion engine. Simulation results for these components are presented