Dynamic coupling of energy efficiency and building integrated photovoltaics in the residential sector

Buildings are responsible for over a third of global primary energy consumption and energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. With South Africa generating more than 90% of her electricity from coal, there exists vast opportunities to reduce energy demand through energy efficiency and augment energy supply through solar energy. In an effort to demonstrate energy efficiency and solar energy technologies in the residential sector, an energy efficient building with integrated photovoltaics was built at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus. The building integrated photovoltaic generator (BIPV) performs a dual role and also offsets the initial cost of roofing material. A data acquisition system monitors thermal and electrical performance of the house. Indoor temperatures were observed to remain within the thermal comfort range for more than 80% of the time. The grid independent house has the potential to mitigate 12.41 tonnes CO₂ equivalent per annum.