Ensuring robust antenna designs using multiple diverse optimization techniques

The use of multiple optimization algorithms to solve a design problem in electromagnetics can offer more reliable runs and further ensure robustness in finding the global optimum design. Utilizing multiple techniques can more thoroughly search the solution space, and the advantages of each algorithm can be exploited. The PSO and CMA-ES techniques are selected to demonstrate this due to the substantial differences in their exploration mechanisms in multi-dimensional spaces. These techniques are applied to mathematical benchmark functions as well as a stacked patch design for use in weather radar systems.