Station´s Network Planning and Optimization Research of Automated Observation & Forecasting System of Hydrological Regime Based on GIS Technology

Rational layout of automated station network of hydrological regime is pretty significant to the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and spatial distribution of meteorological elements. An accurate and economical automated station network of hydrological regime is the assurance of efficient operation for hydropower station and small & medium irrigation areas. Spatial distribution laws of precipitation and evapotranspiration are studied in the paper. Control characteristic elements, including gradient of slope, direction of slope, valley line, ridge route, elevation of the largest gradient and so on, are extracted by GIS platform software with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. Combined layout regulation of station network, which is set up by basin characteristics, and abstraction and encoding technology of sub-basin confluence, layout of automated station network of hydrological regime can be quickly figured out by GIS platform. This routing provides a method with station network rational planning and optimization in ungauged basin.