Noise power in active broadband metamaterials

Active metamaterials loaded with non-Foster´s inclusions may exhibit broadband and low-loss material properties, as compared to their passive counterparts. However, the study of their noise performance still remains to be explored. In addition to the Johnson-Nyquist noise from lossy conductors, nonlinear materials used for the design of negative impedance converters (NICs) will give rise to noise as well. In this paper, the noise power in active metamaterials is analyzed in relation to its stability.