Title :
Charge Balancing in Functional Electrical Stimulators: A Comparative Study
Author :
Ortmanns, Maurits
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Microsystems Eng., Freiburg Univ.
Abstract :
Charge balancing is a major concern in functional electrical stimulation, since any excess charge accumulation over time leads to electrolysis with electrode dissolution, gazing and tissue destruction. This paper presents an overview on recent advances in this field: passive as well as active charge balancing techniques will be presented concerning their advantages and drawbacks. For closed loop active charge balancers a stability analysis is presented
Keywords :
biomedical electrodes; neuromuscular stimulation; charge balancing; electrode dissolution; functional electrical stimulation; stability analysis; tissue destruction; Capacitors; Charge transfer; Electrochemical processes; Electrodes; Impedance; Implants; Resistors; Retina; Stability analysis; Voltage;
Conference_Titel :
Circuits and Systems, 2007. ISCAS 2007. IEEE International Symposium on
Conference_Location :
New Orleans, LA
Print_ISBN :
1-4244-0920-9
Electronic_ISBN :
1-4244-0921-7
DOI :
10.1109/ISCAS.2007.378802
