Rare earth elements and permanent magnets - A supply chain and technology overview

Rare earth magnets are known for their superior magnetic properties — high induction and coercive force. For more than 40 years, these rare earths are essential elements for these magnets to remain the number one choice in applications that require high magnetic fields in extreme operating conditions — high demagnetization forces and high temperature. Magnets are the key driver in both demand and supply of rare earth elements. We will provide insights regarding current and potential new magnet and recycling technologies and designer choices which may mitigate rare earth supply chain issues. Also, we will review the key new non-Chinese rare earth production sources of the more than 300 deposits which could be potentially developed worldwide.