Comparative study of antenna embedded in singly and doubly curved dielectric surfaces

A broadband planar antenna has been embedded into singly and doubly curved surfaces. Cylindrical and spherical surfaces are considered for this conformal application. Comparative study is presented with parametric study. The parametric study includes the effect of thickness, extent of cut and radius. The results indicate that the impedance of the antenna is not sensitive to the radius; however the radiation pattern is affected for different thickness and extent of cut. Doubly curved thick surfaces produce higher back lobes than singly curved thick surfaces. Design guidelines are given for efficient design of embedded conformal antenna.