Vector sensor processing for electromagnetic source localization

A novel approach is presented for the localization of electromagnetic sources using vector sensors. Two types of source transmissions are considered: (1) single signal transmission and (2) dual signal transmission. The model is given in terms of several parameters including the wave direction of arrival and state of polarization. A compact expression is derived for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the estimation errors of these parameters for the multi-source multi-vector sensor model. The advantage of using vector sensors is highlighted by explicit evaluation of the CRB and the associated mean-square angular error for source localization with a single vector sensor. A simple algorithm is proposed for estimating the source DOA with this sensor