Channel-aware routing for underwater wireless networks

This paper presents a new cross layer routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. The solution, termed CARP for Channel-aware Routing Protocol, exploits link quality information for cross layer relay determination. Nodes are selected as relays if they have a (recent) history of successful transmissions to their neighbors. CARP combines link quality with simple topology information (hop count), thus being able to route around connectivity voids and shadow zones. The protocol is also designed to take advantage of power control for selecting robust links. The performance of CARP has been evaluated through ns2-based simulations, and compared to the performance of two previously proposed routing protocols, namely, FBR and DBR. Our results show that CARP robust relay selection mechanism enables it to achieve throughput efficiency that is up to twice the throughput of FBR and almost three times that of DBR. CARP also obtains remarkable performance improvements over FBR and DBR with respect to end-to-end packet latency and energy consumption.